Cultivator



(No Model.) 5 SheetsSheet 1.

I. O. FIELD. QULTIVATOR.

No. 427,409. Patented May 6, 1890.

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(No Model.)

F. O. FIELD.

GULTIVATOR.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented May-6,- 1890.

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F. G. FIELD. QULTIVATOR.

N0.427,4 09'. Patented May 6,-1890.

(No Model.) 5 Sheds-Sheet 5.

P. O. FIELD. I

, GULTIVATOR. No. 427,409; Patented May 6-, 1890.

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U TE ST res FRED O. FIELD,.OF KIANTONE, NEWV YORK.

CU LTIVATO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 427,409, dated May 6,1890.

Application filed January 23, 1890. $erial No. 337,841. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRED O. FIELD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Kiantone, in the county of Chautauqua and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cultivators; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to cultivators; and it consists in certain novelfeatures of construction and combination of parts, whereby the implementmay be quickly and easily adapted for use in marking out, covering,cultivating corn and other crops, and also be used for broadcast workwhen desired.

I have illustrated my invention in the accom pan yi n g drawings, and itis fully disclosed in the following description and claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a plan view of my improvedcultivator. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the same, certain details beingchanged, as indicated in full and dotted lines, to adapt it fordifferent purposes. Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal section of themachine. Fig. tis a perspective view of a shovelblade used with themachine. Figs. 5 and 6 are details illustrating the method of connecting the draft-bars with the main frame. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 are details ofpart-s of the construction. Fig. 10 is a detail of the mechanism foradjusting the cultivator-frames vertically. Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 11 aredetails of parts of the construction. Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20are details of parts adapted for use with the machine.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a cultivator which willoperate on the earth included between a row and the adjacent row on bothsides of the same, and each part of the cultivator has movementsindependently to adapt each to the ground it My improved cultivator isalso so construct-ed and arranged that the cultivatorteeth may beremoved from the draft-bars and 011e, two, three, or more shovelsprovided on certain of said draft-bars, when the machine is adapted formarking ground. The machine may also be provided with scrapingshovelsarranged in pairs for operating on both sides of two rows of hills, andthe machine is then adapted to be used for covering or hilling corn,potatoes, &c., or the machine may be provided with a full set ofcultivatorteeth, as shown in Fig. 1, and used for working plowed groundand the like.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, A represents the axle of themachine, supported by suitable wheels at a. To the axle A is secured themain frame of themachine, which consists in this instance of twoforwardly-extending bars a a, secured to the axle A and connectedadjacent to their forward extremities by the cross-bar B, to which theyare also rigidly attached. The rearwardly-extending portions 0 C of thetongue are pivotally secured to the bars a a, as shown, or to the axleA, and engage vertical brackets or standards Z) Z), secured to thecross-bar B. These brackets are provided with slots, and bolts passthrough said parts 0 C, engaging said slots, which are provided withsuitable nuts, and by this means the horizontal line of draft can bedetermined and the adjustment of the frame of the machine secured, asseen in Fig. 14. The cross-bar B is also provided with a brace-barB',which passes over the tops of the brackets b, and may engage recessesin the same, if desired. This bar is preferably rigidly secured to thecross-bar at one end, and its other end is provided with ascrew-threaded portion and nut, which engages a suitable bracket 19,secured to the bar B, whereby the brace may be tightened by screwing upthe nut, as will be seen in Fig. 14.

I prefer to provide the axle A with a seat A, as shown in Figs. 1, 2,and 8.

The extremities of the cross-bar B are provided with the swinging barsD, connected thereto by horizontal bolts in such a manner as to allowthe ends of the same ayertical swinging movement. The ends of the bars Dare provided, preferably on the under side, with bracket-castings d,(see Figs. 5 and 6,) which consist of rectangularly-disposed platesprovided with webs or ears (2 and 01 having bolt-holes therein. The webs(Z are engaged by similar ears 6 of connecting-rods E, and the parts arepivotally secured together by means of bolts 6', thus allowing the freeends of the connecting-rods to rise and fall freely.

The main draft-bars F of the two cultivator-frames are pivotally securedto the connecting-bars E by means of bolts 6 located at a short distancefrom their free ends,which are provided with curved slots concentricwith such point of pivoting. The draft-bars are also provided with abolt 6 and nut engaging said slot, and by this means the draftbars arefree to swing laterally on the pivotiug-bolt,whilc they are securelyconnected to the frame at two points. The draft-bars F are given a twistinto a vertical plane just in rear of this connection with theconnectingbars E, and each of said draft-bars is pro- .vided with asupplemental draft-bar F, connected to said draft-bar F by means of aninclined offset f, which is bolted thereto, said offsets extending awayfrom the center of the machine. The inner draft-bar F is also providedwith an additional supplemental bar F extending inwardly to near thecenter of the machine.

The draft-bars which form each of the two cultivator-frames are ofgraduated lengths, the center one extending farthest to the rear and theremaining bars 011 either side being graduated, as shown in Figs. 1 and2. Each of the draft-bars is provided with a C-shaped shank G, adjustably secured in position, the lower end of which is provided with acultivator-blade G. The said shank G is pivoted to the draft-bar at apoint a short distance from the upper end of the same, andprovidedadjacent to such end with a series of apertures arranged concentricallywith the point of pivoting, as shown in the drawings,whereby theadjustment of said shank in a vertical plane is secured. I prefer,however, to employ the construction shown in Figs. 11, 12, and 13 toeffect such adjustment. In these figures I have shown the draft-barprovided with two disks f f, each having radial serrations engagingthose of the opposing disk. The rear face of each disk is provided witha groove or recess f adapted to receive the draft-bar F and shank G,respectively, and a bolt provided with a suitable nut passes through allthe parts and holds them securely together when adjusted. \Vhen it isdesired to adjust the shank G to another position, the nut is loosened,the plates ff separated until the plate having the shank G seatedtherein can be turned, and said shank properly adjusted. The nut is thentightened on the bolt and the parts drawn together, when the shank willby means of the serrations of said plate be held firmly in its adjustedposition.

In order to prevent the lateral movement and, consequent straining ofthe draft-bars andto render the cultivator-frames more rigid, I providea cross-bar F which extends laterally of the frame and is secured toeach of the draft-bars, or I may employ two or more of such cross-barsor connect parts of said draftbars together by means of one cross-barand connect the remaining bars thereto by means of another cross-bar, asshown in full lines in Figs. 1 and 2, all the bars F F being connectedby the cross-bar F and short crossbar F being employed to connect bar Fwith the remaining bars. This could all be elfected by means of one bar,if desired, as indicated in full and dotted lines, Fig. 1.' Inconnecting the draft and cross bars I employ the clip shown in Figs. '7,8, and 9, which consists of the straps f f embracing the draft-bar andconnected together at the top by the bridge f, beneath which passes thecross-bar F A binding-screw f passes through said bridge f and engagesthe cross-bar, thereby clamping the parts firmly together. By thisconstruction the lateral adjustment of the draftbar can be quickly andeasily effected by merely loosening the screw f adjusting the said barto the proper position, and then tightening the screw and clamping theparts.

In order to maintain the two parts in their relative positions, Iprovide the brace-rod F which is pivotally connected to the ear (Z ofthe bracket-casting d on the swinging bars D, the other end beingprovided with a slot engaged by a bolt passing through the draft-bar F,as shown in Fig. 9. By this construction the cultivator-frames may beadjusted nearer together or farther apart by loosening the said boltsand adjusting each frame, as will be readily seen. I also provide meansfor raising and lowering the cultivator-frames, so that they may beraised out of contact with the ground when it is desired to move themachine without operating on the soil, as in transportation, and thedepth to which the teeth are allowed to sink into the soil in op erationmay also be controlled and regulated. To this end I provide a rock-shaftH, which is mounted in suitable bearings upon the axle of the machineand extends longitudinallyof the same. This shaft is provided atsuitable points with lever-arms h, the free ends of which are connectedby means of chains or otherwise with the cultivator-frames. One end ofsaid shaft is provided with means for rotating the same to raise thecultivator-frame when desired.

In order to arrange a construction which may be easily controlled fromthe seat of the machine, I provide the shaft II with a gearwheel h,gearing with a second wheel or segment 7L2, mounted on a short shaftsecured to an upright support from the axle. This second gear wheel orsegment is provided with an operating-lever 7L3, cast integrallytherewith or secured thereto, which is in turn provided with a lockingdevice 7L4, adapted to engage a segmental rack 7L5, secured to thestandard or support. The locking device h is preferably controlled fromthe handle of the lever 7L3, as is usual.

Vhen it is desired to use the machine for working or pulverizing plowedland, it is arranged as shown in Fig. 1, and in addi-.

tion to the number of teeth and draft-bars before described the bar Fwill also be pro- ICO vided with an offset and bar F (shown in dottedlines,) extending rearwardly and provided with a similar cultivatortooth, as shown. It will be seen that in the constructions beforedescribed, with regard to the method of connecting the swinging bars D,the connecting-bars E, and draft-bars to the main cross-bar, thecultivator-frames are allowed to rise and fall, and also to have atwisting motion, thereby preventing the straining of any part by theunevenness of the ground or other cause. \Vhen the cultivator is used inthis form and it is not desired to permit the two frames to have theindependent twisting movement, the bar F may be connected to bar F by abar.

In the use of the machine for the various purposes for which it isadapted the only changes made will be in the arrangement of the teeth orblades employed,the arrangement of the frame remaining substantially thesame.

hen the machine is used as a cultivator for rowed crops, this bar F willbe removed, and the machine will then operate on all the space betweenone row, over which the center of the machine will pass, and the nextadjacent row 011 each side of such middle row, thus cultivating bothsides of the middle row and one side each of two others. The machine mayalso be quickly and readily adapted to serve as a marker for marking outrows by removing all of the teeth on the draft-bars of eachcultivator-frame and providing such bars and the bar F with markingblades or shovels, as shown in full lines, Fig. 2. I also employa bladeor shovel K, (shown in detail, Fig. &, and in dotted lines in Fig. 2,)which consists of a curved plate attached tothestandard G, (here shownas formed of a strip of metal bent with its great est width in ahorizontal plane and held in an inclined position with respect to theline of draft.) The forward portion of such blade is also given a pointis at its lower edge, as shown.

I m ay, if found desirable, provide this shovel K with an adjusting-clipto be attached to the draft-bars, in which case the standard G willpreferably be constructed as shown and above described. This clipconsists of a plate adapted to be secured to the draft-bar by means ofbolts and nuts and provided at each end with a laterally-extendin g ear76, each provided with an aperture to receive a bolt. A bolt is passedthrough one of said apertures, and will engage the standard G at a pointa little back from its upper extremity, the stan dard being providedadjacent to its end with a wider portion k having a curved slot therein.A bolt passing through the forward ear 0 engages said slot, and by thisconstruction the lateral adjustment of the blade K maybe easily secured.I may, however, construct the standard Gof metal, having its greatestwidth in a vertical plane, as in the forms shown in Fig. 3, if desired.

In Fig. 2, on the right-hand cultivator-frame, I have shown (in dottedlines) the shovels K arranged so that their rear extremities are closertogether than their forward ends, which incline outwardly. \Vhen used inthis manner, they will be very effective in covering corn or othercrops. By adjusting the bars F upon the bar F the shovel-blades can bebrought into the desired relation to effect the covering of the crop orseparated to hill the crop, as desired. On the leftrhand frame I haveshown them in reversed position, in which they will cut the earth awayfrom the hills, and may be used in this relation when it is desired tothrow the soil away from the plants. It will of course be understoodthat the shovels K will be arranged alike on. both frames, bothpositions being here shown to avoid unnecessary multiplicity ofdrawings.

In Fig. 15 I have shown anotherform of clip for attaching thehilling-shovels to the draftbars, wherebythe same may be adjusted bothin a vertical and horizontal direction. In this construction thedraft-bar is provided with a disk f, having radial serrations, as inFig. 12. A similarplatef having similar serrations on its opposite face,is placed in engagement with the plate f. This plate f is provided withears k 70 as shown in Fig. 4, to which is attached the standard of theshovel K. A bolt is passed through the said plates f and f and thedraft-bar F and holds the parts in their adjusted position. By thisconstruction it will be seen that the shovel may be adjusted laterallyby means of the bolt passing through the forward ear 7.2 and the slot ofthe standard, and it may also be tilted byloosening the nut holding theplates ff together and changing their relative positions, as beforedescribed.

Then the device is used to cultivate or work plowed ground, I preferusually to employ a flat spring-tooth, as shown in Figs. 16 and 17 Thistooth is formed in such a manner that when it is secured to thedraft-bar the portion of the tooth at the opposite eX- tremity from theearth-engaging point will form a shoe or runner to engage the upperportion of soil as the machine passes over it and regulate the depth towhich the tooth may penetrate, at the same time lessening the draft ofthe same by preventing the tooth from going in too deep.

I provide the draft-bar F with the serrated plate f, as beforedescribed, and also provide a second plate f to engage the same. Thebolt f which passes through the plates and draft-bar, is provided with aslotted port-ion f adjacent to its head, as shown in Fig. 19, or it maybe in the form of a hook, as shown in Fig. 20. The flat spring-tooth Kis engaged by the said bolt intermediate its ends, either by passingthrough said slot or by engaging said hook, and by tightening the nut onsaid bolt the tooth will be firmly clamped to its draft-bar at any pointof its length. By this means the portion K of the tooth at the endopposite its point is made to act as a runner or shoe, and by adjustingthe tooth at different points the tooth may be made to penetrate to agreater or less depth, as desired.

In order to secure the tooth to the plate f to prevent its turning thebolt, I may form the bolt with a square or polygonal portion to engage asimilar aperture in the plate, as shown in Figs. 18 and 19, or I mayprovide the plate with outwardly-extending lugs f adapted to engage thesaid tooth, as desired. I also provide a mechanism for tilting thecultivator-frames in either direction on their longitudinal axes fromthe drivers seat, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. In these drawings I haveshown the front portions of each of the bars a provided with a castingM, having ears m adjacent to its forward extremities, in which arepivoted horizontal leversN. The outer ends of the levers N are connectedby links a with the inner ends of the respective cross-bars D of thecultivatorframes. To the rear portions of the castings M is secured anarched bar 0, said bar 0 and levers N being in a plane suftieientlyhighto allow the bars 0 of the tongue to be adjusted relatively to theframe, as seen in Fig. 3. Upon the arch 0, adjacent to its center, is abell-crank lever O, pivoted in suitable ears. The lever O has aforwardly-extending arm connected by vertical links 0 with the innerends of levers N, and an upwardly-extending arm, which is connected by aconnecting-rod p with a hand-lever P, suitably mounted on the machineadjacent to the drivers seat. By moving this lever P forward it will beseen the inner ends of the bars D will be depressed, and by moving saidlever rearward the bars will be raised, thus allowing the twistingmovement of the frames to be governed and controlled from the driversseat.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent; is-

1. A cultivator provided with two cultivatorframes secured at a fixeddistance apart, said frames being capable of independent verticalmovement, and having an independent oscillating movement on an axisparallel with the line of draft, substantially as described.

2. A cultivator provid ed with two cultivatorframes adjustable todifferent fixed distances apart, said frames having an independentvertical movement, and having also an independent oscillating movementon an axis parallel with the line of draft, substantially as described.

3. A cultivator provided with two cultivatorframes, each frame having anindependent vertical movement and pivoted to oscillate independently onan axis parallel with the line of draft, substantially as described.

at. The combination, with a wheel-supported frame, of two bars securedto the said frame by pivots extending parallel with the line of draftand two cultivator-frames pivoted to the said bars by transversehorizontal pivots, substantially as described.

5. In a cultivator, the combination, with a wheel-supported frame, ofone or more con necting-bars pivoted to said frame by transversehorizontal pivots, a cultivator-frame pivoted to said connecting-bars byvertical pivots, and a pivoted brace-bar adjustably secured to saidcultivator-frame, substantially as described.

G. In a cultivator, the combination, with a means for tightening it,substantially as described.

7. In a cultivator, the combination, with a fixed frame having atransversely-extending bar forming the forward part of the same, of atongue or pole pivoted in rear of said bar and extending over the same,vertical standards or brackets on said bar, an adjustable brace-rodextending longitudinally of said bar and engaging the tops of saidstandards or brackets, and an adjustable connection between the saidstandards and said tongue or pole, substantially as described.

8. In a cultivator, the combination, with a wheel-supported frame, ofone or more eultivators connected with said frame, each of saidcultivators being composed of two parts pivoted to the said supportedframe and eapable of lateral movement, a brace-bar connecting one partwith the frame, and a bar connecting the two parts of the cultivator,-substantially as described.

. 9. The combination,withawheel-supported frame, of two bars, eachpivoted in line with the line of draft, two cultivator-frames attachedto said bars, and operating means for tilting said pivoted bars,substantially as described.

In testimony whercof I affix m y signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRED C. FIELD.

Witnesses:

GEO. S. GIFFORD, \V. R. BOTSFORD.

